North America - Category 1 - The Wide Worlds Snaps

United States of America (USA) - The Wide Worlds Snaps

President: Barack H. Obama (2009)

Vice President: Joseph Biden (2009)

Land area: 3,539,225 sq mi (9,166,601 sq km);

total area: 3,718,691 sq mi (9,631,420 sq km)

Population (2014 est.): 318,892,103 (growth rate: 0.77%); birth rate: 13.42/1000; infant mortality rate: 6.17/1000; life expectancy: 79.56; density per sq mi: 88.6

Capital (2013 est.): Washington, DC, 646,449

Largest cities (2013 est.): New York, 8,405,837; Los Angeles, 3,884,307; Chicago, 2,718,782; Houston, 2,195,914; Philadelphia, 1,553,165

Monetary unit: dollar

The president is elected for a four-year term and may be reelected only once. The bicameral Congress consists of the 100-member Senate, elected to a six-year term with one-third of the seats becoming vacant every two years, and the 435-member House of Representatives, elected every two years. The minimum voting age is 18.

Languages: English 82.1%, Spanish 10.7%, other Indo-European 3.8%, Asian and Pacific island 2.7%, other 0.7% (2000)

Mexico - The Wide Worlds Snaps

President: Enrique Peña Nieto (2012)

Land area: 742,485 sq mi (1,923,039 sq km);

total area: 761,602 sq mi (1,972,550 sq km)

Population (2010 est.): 112,468,855 (growth rate: 1.1%); birth rate: 19.4/1000; infant mortality rate: 17.8/1000; life expectancy: 76.2; density per sq km: 57

Capital and largest city (2003 est.): Mexico City, 19,013,000 (metro. area), 8,591,309 (city proper)

Other large cities: Ecatepec, 1,731,900 (part of Mexico City metro. area); Guadalajara, 1,665,800; Puebla, 1,345,500; Nezahualcóyotl, 1,250,700 (part of Mexico City metro. area); Monterrey, 1,135,000

Monetary unit: Mexican peso

Canada - The Wide Worlds Snaps

Sovereign: Queen Elizabeth II (1952)

Governor-General: David Lloyd Johnston (since 2010)

Prime Minister: Stephen Harper (since 2006)

Land area: 3,511,003 sq mi (9,093,507 sq km);

total area: 3,855,102 sq mi (9,984,670 sq km)

Population (2014 est.): 34,834,841 (growth rate: 0.76%); birth rate: 10.29/1000; infant mortality rate: 4.71/1000; life expectancy: 81.67

Capital (2011 est.): Ottawa, Ontario, 1.208 million

Largest cities (metropolitan areas) (2011 est.): Toronto 5.573 million; Montreal 3.856 million; Vancouver 2.267 million; Calgary 1.216 million; OTTAWA (capital) 1.208 million; Edmonton 1.142 million,

Monetary unit: Canadian dollar

Cuba - The Wide Worlds Snaps

President: Raúl Castro (2008)
Total area: 42,803 sq mi (110,860 sq km)Population (2012 est.): 11,075,244 (growth rate: -0.12%); birth rate: 9.96/1000; infant mortality rate: 4.83/1000; 
Capital and largest city (2009 est.): Havana, 2,140,000
Other large cities: Santiago de Cuba, 554,400; Camagüey, 354,400; Holguin, 319,300; Guantánamo, 274,300;Santa Clara, 251,800
Arawak (or Taino) Indians inhabiting Cuba when Columbus landed on the island in 1492 died from diseases brought by sailors and settlers.

life expectancy: 77.87;

density per sq km: 103

Monetary unit: Cuban Peso

Dominican Republic - The Wide Worlds Snaps

President: Danilo Medina (August 2012)

Land area: 18,680 sq mi (48,381 sq km);total area: 18,815 sq mi (48,730 sq km)Population (2012 est.): 10,088,598 (growth rate: 1.31%); birth rate: 19.44/1000; infant mortality rate: 21.3/1000; life expectancy: 77.44; density per sq km: 196Capital and largest city (2009 est.): Santo Domingo, 2,138,000Other large city: Santiago de los Caballeros, 501,800Monetary unit: Dominican Peso

Guatemala - The Wide Worlds Snaps

President: Otto Pérez Molina (2012)

Land area: 41,865 sq mi (108,430 sq km);total area: 42,042 sq mi (108,890 sq km)Population (2013 est.): 14,373,472 (growth rate: 1.91%); birth rate: 25.99/1000; infant mortality rate: 24.32/1000; life expectancy: 71.46Capital and largest city (2009 est.): Guatemala City, 1.075 millionMonetary unit: QuetzalNational name: República de GuatemalaCurrent government officialsLanguages: Spanish 60%, Amerindian languages 40% (23 officially recognized Amerindian languages, including Quiche, Cakchiquel, Kekchi, Mam, Garifuna, and Xinca)

Panama - The Wide Worlds Snaps

Republic of Panama
President: Juan Carlos Varela (2014)Land area: 29,340 sq mi (75,991 sq km);total area: 30,193 sq mi (78,200 sq km)Population (2014 est.): 3,608,431 (growth rate: 1.35%); birth rate: 18.61/1000; infant mortality rate: 10.7/1000;
Capital and largest city (2011 est.): Panama City, 1.426 million
Other large cities: San Miguelito, 321,501; Tocumen, 88,543
Monetary units: balboa; U.S. dollar

life expectancy: 78.3; density per sq mi: 140.6

Costa Rica - The Wide Worlds Snaps

Republic of Costa Rica
President: Luis Guillermo Solís (2014)Land area: 19,560 sq mi (50,660 sq km);total area: 19,730 sq mi (51,100 sq km)Population (2012 est.): 4,636,348 (growth rate: 1.29%); birth rate: 16.4/1000;
Capital and largest city (2009 est.): San José, 1,416,
Monetary unit: Colón

infant mortality rate: 9.2/1000;

life expectancy: 77.89; density per sq km: 82

El Salvador - The Wide Worlds Snaps

President: Salvador Sánchez Cerén (2014)
Land area: 8,000 sq mi (20,720 sq km);total area: 8,124 sq mi (21,040 sq km)Population (2010 est.): 6,052,064 (growth rate: 0.3%);
Capital and largest city (2003 est.): San Salvador, 1,791,700 (metro. area), 504,700 (city proper)
Other large cities: Santa Ana, 167,200; San Miguel, 145,100; Zacatecoluca, 36,700
Monetary units: Colón; U.S. dollar

birth rate: 18.06/1000;

infant mortality rate: 20.9/1000;

life expectancy: 73.2;

density per sq km: 341

Honduras - The Wide Worlds Snaps

President: Juan Orlando Hernández (2014)
Land area: 43,201 sq mi (111,891 sq km);
total area: 43,278 sq mi (112,090 sq km)
Population (2014 est.): 8,598,561 (growth rate: 1.74%);
birth rate: 23.66/1000; infant mortality rate: 18.72/1000; 
ife expectancy: 70.91
Capital and largest city (2011 est.): Tegucigalpa, 1.088 million
Monetary unit: LempiraDuring the first millennium, Honduras was inhabited by the Maya. Columbus explored the country in 1502.

Nicaragua - The Wide Worlds Snaps

President: Daniel Ortega (2007)
Land area: 46,430 sq mi (120,254 sq km);
total area: 49,998 sq mi (129,494 sq km)
Population (2010 est.): 5,995,928 (growth rate: 1.7%);
birth rate: 22.77/1000;
infant mortality rate: 24.1/1000;
life expectancy: 71.8;
density per sq km: 48
Capital and largest city (2003 est.): Managua, 1,390,500 (metro. area), 1,146,000 (city proper)
Monetary unit: Gold cordoba

Trinidad and Tobago - The Wide Worlds Snaps

President: Anthony Carmona (2013)
Prime Minister: Kamla Persad-Bissessar (2010)
Total area: 1,981 sq mi (5,131 sq km)
Population (2014 est.): 1,223,916 (growth rate: –0.086%);
birth rate: 13.8/1000;
infant mortality rate: 24.82/1000;
life expectancy: 72.29;
density per sq mi: 659.2
Capital and largest city (2011 est.): Port-of-Spain, 66,000
Monetary unit: Trinidad and Tobago dollar
When Trinidad was explored by Columbus in 1498, it was inhabited by the Arawaks; Carib Indians inhabited Tobago.

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Trinidad and Tobago - The Wide Worlds Snaps

President: Anthony Carmona (2013)
Prime Minister: Kamla Persad-Bissessar (2010)
Total area: 1,981 sq mi (5,131 sq km)
Population (2014 est.): 1,223,916 (growth rate: –0.086%);
birth rate: 13.8/1000;
infant mortality rate: 24.82/1000;
life expectancy: 72.29;
density per sq mi: 659.2
Capital and largest city (2011 est.): Port-of-Spain, 66,000
Monetary unit: Trinidad and Tobago dollar

When Trinidad was explored by Columbus in 1498, it was inhabited by the Arawaks; Carib Indians inhabited Tobago. Trinidad remained in Spanish possession, despite raids by other European nations, until it was ceded to Britain in 1802. Tobago passed between Britain and France several times, but it was ultimately given to Britain in 1814. Slavery was abolished in 1834. Between 1845 and 1917, thousands of indentured workers were brought from India to work on sugarcane plantations. In 1889 Trinidad and Tobago were made a single colony.

Partial self-government was instituted in 1925, and from 1958 to 1962 the nation was part of the West Indies Federation. On Aug. 31, 1962, it gained independence and on Aug. 1, 1976, Trinidad and Tobago became a republic, remaining within the Commonwealth. While the country is a stable democracy and enjoys the highest living standards in the Caribbean thanks to oil revenue, tension between East Indians and blacks has underlined much of political life. In 1970 the tension was the underlying cause of riots, protests, and an army mutiny for the end of foreign influence over the economy. These events prompted a state of emergency which lasted for two years.

Eric Williams, “Father of the Nation” and leader of the People's National Movement (PNM), which is largely supported by blacks, governed from 1956 until his death in 1981. In Dec. 1986 the multiracial National Alliance for Reconstruction (NAR), based in Tobago, won a parliamentary majority, promising to sell most state-owned companies, reorganize the civil service, and reduce dependence on oil.

In 1990, to protest the NAR government, some 100 radical black Muslims blew up the police station in an attempted coup, in which the prime minister and other officials were held hostage for six days. The NAR was defeated in 1991, and the PNM returned to power. In 1995, the East Indian–based party, the United National Congress (UNC), led by Basdeo Panday, formed a coalition government with the NAR. In 2000, Panday narrowly won another term.

In Dec. 2001 elections, the governing UNC Party and the PNM Party gained 18 seats each. The two parties agreed to allow President Robinson to select the prime minister to end the impasse. But when Robinson chose Patrick Manning of the PNM because of his “moral and spiritual values,” the opposition angrily called for new elections. In the Oct. 2002 elections, Manning's party declared victory. Maxwell Richards, a university dean, was selected president by parliament in 2003.
In April 2006, former prime minister Panday was sentenced to two years in prison for committing fraud in public office. Richards, running unopposed, was reelected in February 2008.

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Nicaragua - The Wide Worlds Snaps

President: Daniel Ortega (2007)
Land area: 46,430 sq mi (120,254 sq km);
total area: 49,998 sq mi (129,494 sq km)
Population (2010 est.): 5,995,928 (growth rate: 1.7%);
birth rate: 22.77/1000;
infant mortality rate: 24.1/1000;
life expectancy: 71.8;
density per sq km: 48
Capital and largest city (2003 est.): Managua, 1,390,500 (metro. area), 1,146,000 (city proper)
Monetary unit: Gold cordoba

Nicaragua, which derives its name from the chief of the area's leading Indian tribe at the time of the Spanish Conquest, was first settled by the Spanish in 1522. The country won independence in 1838. For the next century, Nicaragua's politics were dominated by the competition for power between the Liberals, who were centered in the city of León, and the Conservatives, centered in Granada.

To back up its support of the new Conservative government in 1909, the U.S. sent a small detachment of marines to Nicaragua from 1912 to 1925. The Bryan-Chamorro Treaty of 1916 (terminated in 1970) gave the U.S. an option on a canal route through Nicaragua and naval bases. U.S. Marines were sent again to quell disorder after the 1924 elections. A guerrilla leader, Gen. César Augusto Sandino, fought the U.S. troops from 1927 until their withdrawal in 1933.

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Honduras - The Wide Worlds Snaps

President: Juan Orlando Hernández (2014)
Land area: 43,201 sq mi (111,891 sq km);
total area: 43,278 sq mi (112,090 sq km)
Population (2014 est.): 8,598,561 (growth rate: 1.74%);
birth rate: 23.66/1000; infant mortality rate: 18.72/1000;
ife expectancy: 70.91
Capital and largest city (2011 est.): Tegucigalpa, 1.088 million
Monetary unit: Lempira

During the first millennium, Honduras was inhabited by the Maya. Columbus explored the country in 1502. Honduras, with four other Central American nations, declared its independence from Spain in 1821 to form a federation of Central American states. In 1838, Honduras left the federation and became independent. Political unrest rocked Honduras in the early 1900s, resulting in an occupation by U.S. Marines. Dictator Gen. Tiburcio Carias Andino established a strong government in 1932.

In 1969, El Salvador invaded Honduras after Honduran landowners deported several thousand Salvadorans. Five thousand people ultimately died in what is called “the football war” because it broke out during a soccer game between the two countries. By threatening economic sanctions and military intervention, the Organization of American States (OAS) induced El Salvador to withdraw.

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El Salvador - The Wide Worlds Snaps

President: Salvador Sánchez Cerén (2014)
Land area: 8,000 sq mi (20,720 sq km);
total area: 8,124 sq mi (21,040 sq km)
Population (2010 est.): 6,052,064 (growth rate: 0.3%);

birth rate: 18.06/1000;

infant mortality rate: 20.9/1000;

life expectancy: 73.2;

density per sq km: 341
Capital and largest city (2003 est.): San Salvador, 1,791,700 (metro. area), 504,700 (city proper)
Other large cities: Santa Ana, 167,200; San Miguel, 145,100; Zacatecoluca, 36,700
Monetary units: Colón; U.S. dollar

The Pipil Indians, descendants of the Aztecs, likely migrated to the region in the 11th century. In 1525, Pedro de Alvarado, a lieutenant of Cortés's, conquered El Salvador.

El Salvador, with the other countries of Central America, declared its independence from Spain on Sept. 15, 1821, and was part of a federation of Central American states until that union dissolved in 1838. For decades after its independence, El Salvador experienced numerous revolutions and wars against other Central American republics. From 1931 to 1979 El Salvador was ruled by a series of military dictatorships.

In 1969, El Salvador invaded Honduras after Honduran landowners deported several thousand Salvadorans. The four-day war became known as the “football war” because it broke out during a soccer game between the two countries.

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